守法公民

巴纳德B行星可能有外星生命，距离地球6光年。_我的网站

A | 据外国媒体报道，科学家最新的研究发现，一颗巨大的超级行星离地球只有6光年远，这可能孕育着原始的生命形式。    Democratic Gov. Andy Beshear and Republican Attorney General Daniel Cameron accused each other of taking extreme stands on abortion policy Monday night as they wrangled over an issue that's become a flashpoint in their hotly contested campaign for governor in Kentucky.During an hourlong debate at Northern Kentucky University in Highland Heights, Kentucky, the rivals fielded questions over education, taxes, public safety and the monthlong strike by autoworkers, which has spread to Ford's highly profitable Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville.The candidates tried to one-up the other in their support for public education. Some of their sharpest exchanges during the televised debate, however, came when asked to lay out their stands on abortion. Their remarks, which took place about three weeks before the Nov. 7 election, came against the backdrop of Kentucky's current abortion law, which bans the procedure except when carried out to save a pregnant woman’s life or to prevent a disabling injury.Beshear said that his challenger celebrated the abortion ban’s passage and pointed to Cameron’s long-running support for the law as written, without exceptions for pregnancies caused by rape or incest.“My opponent’s position would give a rapist more rights than their victim," Beshear said. "It is wrong. We need to change this law. We need to make sure that those individuals have that option.”Once Roe v. Wade was overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court, the state’s trigger law — passed in 2019 — took effect to ban nearly all abortions.Cameron reiterated Monday night that he would sign a bill adding abortion exceptions if given the chance, a position he revealed during a radio interview last month.Cameron went on the attack by pointing to Beshear’s opposition to abortion restrictions passed by the state’s GOP-dominated legislature. As attorney general, Beshear refused to defend a law imposing a 20-week ban on abortion, and later as governor he vetoed a 15-week ban, Cameron said. “That is Andy Beshear’s record on the issue of life," Cameron said. "It’s one of failure for the unborn.”Beshear responded that he has consistently supported “reasonable restrictions,” especially on late-term abortions. Beshear also noted that the 15-week ban lacked exceptions for rape and incest.Abortion polices have been at the forefront of the campaign. Beshear's campaign released a TV ad last month featuring a Kentucky woman who revealed her own childhood trauma while calling for rape and incest exceptions. The woman, now in her early 20s, talked about having been raped by her stepfather when she was 12 years old. She became pregnant as a seventh grader but eventually miscarried.Meanwhile, the candidates took turns touting their plans to improve public education.Cameron accused the governor of mischaracterizing his plan to help students overcome learning loss when schools were closed during the pandemic.“We need a governor that is going to lean into this issue to fight for our kids and make sure that they have the best education system here possible in Kentucky,” Cameron said.Beshear highlighted his own plan calling for an 11% pay raise for teachers and all public school personnel, including bus drivers, janitors and cafeteria staff. He said he's supported educators “every step of the way” to raise their pay and protect their pensions as governor and previously as attorney general.“If we want to make sure that we have a math teacher, a physics teacher, everything we need in our classrooms, we have to pay people closer to what they’re worth,” the governor said.Beshear also made another pitch for his plan for state-funded pre-K for every 4-year-old in Kentucky.Beshear criticized Cameron for supporting a Republican-backed measure to award tax credits for donations supporting private school tuition. The Kentucky Supreme Court struck down the measure last year. The governor and other opponents of the bill said the program would have diverted money from public schools. Supporters said the measure offered opportunities for parents who want new schooling options for their children but are unable to afford them.“He (Cameron) supports a voucher program that would take tens of millions of dollars out of our public school system," Beshear said. "Out of the paychecks of our educators, out of the resources that they need, and again send them to fancy private schools.”Cameron has proposed raising the statewide base starting pay for new teachers, saying it would have a ripple effect by lifting pay for other teachers. Cameron’s plan also would develop an optional, 16-week tutoring program for math and reading instruction.“We need leadership that’s going to catch our kids up,” Cameron said.The candidates were asked to weigh in on the targeted strikes by the United Auto Workers union at all three Detroit automakers. Beshear replied that “this isn’t an either-or. We need the UAW to come out in a strong place and Ford to come out in a strong place, too.”Ford is a major employer in Louisville with two assembly plants in Kentucky's largest city. Ford and its battery partner, SK Innovation of South Korea, are building twin battery plants outside Glendale in central Kentucky — a $5.8 billion megaproject landed during Beshear's tenure as governor.Cameron expressed support for the workers while saying he hopes for a swift resolution. He blamed the labor dispute on President Joe Biden's economic policies, part of his effort to nationalize the campaign by linking Beshear to the Democratic president — a well-used GOP strategy in red states like Kentucky.“We are in this mess because of the inflationary pressures that are coming from Washington, D.C.,” Cameron said.。巴纳德B（GJ699B）是最近发现的一颗绕着巴纳德运行的超级地球行星，它是离地球第二近的恒星系统。这颗行星被认为是非常冷的，其表面温度与木卫二相似，大约在零下150度。然而，研究人员说，它可能有一个巨大的热铁/镍核心，地热活动非常活跃，这将有助于促进生命。维拉诺瓦大学的天体物理学家爱德华·桂南在美国天文学会第223届年会上说，核热活动可能支持地表下的“生命带”，这种现象类似于南极洲地下湖泊中的现象。我们注意到欧罗巴的表面温度与巴纳德B的相似，由于潮汐加热，欧罗巴冰的表面下可能有一个液态海洋。他还指出，如果存在水，核热活动（火山羽流、火山口等）可能在冰面下形成液态水的“生活区”。它非常像结冰的欧罗巴卫星，它是由潮汐活动而不是地热能加热的。巴纳德的恒星系统将是我们未来研究和分析的重点。

B | 巴纳德最显著的特点是，它是离太阳最近的两个恒星系统之一，而且其中有行星。这项研究的共同作者斯科特·恩格尔强调，这项研究支持开普勒先前的任务数据，这些数据可以推断行星在整个星系中非常常见，可能高达数百亿颗。同时，巴纳德恒星的年龄大约是太阳的两倍——90亿年，而太阳的年龄是46亿年。宇宙要想形成地球大小的行星需要很长的时间，甚至比太阳现在的年龄还要长。巴纳德B是地球质量的三倍，绕着红矮星巴纳德运行233天。它的轨道距离与水星绕太阳的轨道距离大致相同。当它经过巴纳德星球的雪线时，它变暗了。”这些观测将帮助我们了解大气层、表面结构和系外行星的潜在生存能力，”恩格尔说。虽然巴纳德B的表面温度约为零下150摄氏度，但科学家们仍然相信，地球冰冻表面下的液态水区域可能是生命形式的滋生地。外行星是一颗岩石行星，至少是地球的3.2倍大。巴纳德距离地球只有六光年，在天文距离上非常接近，它的亮度是太阳的0.0035倍。离太阳最近的恒星是半人马座α星，它由离地球四光年的三颗引力束缚的恒星组成。据报道，巴纳德B行星的存在是通过使用不同的陆基望远镜和天文仪器20年来发现的。其中之一是西班牙卡门尼天文台最先进的行星探测器。即使是今天最强大的望远镜也不能直接成像巴纳德B。

C | 巴纳德星的名字来自于1916年发现它的耶克斯天文台的爱德华·艾默生·巴纳德。

D | 虽然巴纳德离地球只有六光年远，但它是人类肉眼看不见的。如果你把半人马座阿尔法星系的三颗恒星作为一个单位，那么巴纳德是离地球第二近的恒星。这是一颗暗的，低质量的M4矮星，亮度只有太阳的0.0035倍。相关辐射数据表明，它的直径仅为太阳直径的20%，质量仅为太阳最近恒星的17%。大多数恒星属于M矮星，它们很弱，很难用肉眼观察，就像半人马座的邻居一样。

E | 巴纳德的明星都很老了。

F | 他们是在恒星爆炸怀孕期间出生的。

G | 当时，星际金属含量已达到目前的水平，星际金属含量仅为太阳含量的10%。它的年龄也证实了它有一个更长的旋转周期130天。随着年龄的增长，其转速逐渐减慢。相反，太阳自转周期平均为25.4天，相当于巴纳德恒星自转周期的五分之一。巴纳德恒星仍有一些磁场活动，偶尔会有磁场能量释放的耀斑。它有一个像太阳一样活跃的X射线日冕，最高温度为200万摄氏度。巴纳德恒星内部的低温条件和微弱的能量产生率使它成为一颗不可思议的“长寿星”。事实上，在银河系中还没有发现已经灭绝的M矮星。

Current article:http://3eg.cousizhegaobaolengkuo.bond/bol/20260826/814.html

Published on:07:01:23